Cervical cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. The abnormal growth of cells is called a tumor. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women. Most often, it develops in women aged 40 or older.

The exact causes of cervical cancer are unclear. However, we do know that women with certain risk factors may be more likely than others to have cervical cancer. A risk factor is something that may increase the chance of developing a disease.

The main risk factor for cervical cancer is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). There are many types of HPV, including types that infect the genital area and some that cause genital warts. Some types of HPV infection can develop into cancer if not treated. Some other possible or related risk factors are smoking, a weak immune system, and having more than one sexual partner.

The cells in the cervix start to change before they become cancerous. Early detection and treatment of precancerous cells can prevent them from becoming cancerous. Without treatment the abnormal cells can become cancer and spread to other parts of the body.