A colposcopy helps identify areas on the surface of the cervix that show abnormalities.

You will lie on a table and place your feet in stirrups to position your pelvis for examination. An instrument called a speculum will be inserted into your vagina and opened slightly. The cervix is then swabbed with a chemical solution to remove the mucus that covers the surface, and to highlight abnormal areas. Photographs may be taken of abnormal areas. If any areas look abnormal, a small sample of the tissue will be removed (biopsy. Many samples may be taken, depending on the size of the area.

There is no special preparation. You may be more comfortable if you empty your bladder and bowel before the procedure. You should not douche or have sexual intercourse for 24 hours before the exam.

A colposcopy is painless. Some women feel a slight stinging sensation caused by the chemical solution. The biopsy may feel like a pinch each time a tissue sample is taken, which may cause some cramping.

Any pain or cramping you feel during the biopsy may be eased by relaxing and taking a few slow deep breaths. Some cramping may occur after the biopsy. It is typical for a woman to hold her breath during pelvic procedures in anticipation of pain. Making an effort to concentrate on slow, regular breathing will help you relax and reduce or eliminate some pain.

This procedure is usually performed after a positive Pap smear to identify the abnormality.

A biopsy is only performed when abnormal tissues are seen or suspected because of abnormal Pap smear results.

Abnormalities detected include cervical warts, precancerous or cancerous tissue. The colposcopy may be used to keep track of precancerous abnormalities and look for recurrent abnormalities after treatment.

After the biopsy, there may be some bleeding for up to a week. Avoid sexual intercourse, douching, and using tampons for 2 weeks to allow the biopsy area to heal. If bleeding is unusually heavy or lasts for longer than 2 weeks, or if you notice any signs of infection (fever, foul odor, or discharge), notify your doctor.